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This collection comprises 25 peer-reviewed contributions providing up-to-date knowledge in the field of “Metastable and Nanostructured Materials”.

This collection offers a fully representative snapshot of modelling activities as applied to processes involving extrusion. It covers a wide range of topics, grouped into the categories: benchmark, keynotes, material flow and constitutive equations, microstructure, seam welds and process optimization, dies and tools.

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Since the first development of lithium-ion batteries in the early 1990’s, there have been tremendous advances in the science and technology of these electrochemical energy sources. At present, lithium batteries dominate the field of advanced power sources and have almost entirely replaced their bulkier and less energetic counterparts such as nickel-cadmium and nickel-metalhydride batteries; especially in portable electronic devices. But lithium batteries are still the object of continuing intense research aimed at making further improvements in performance and safety, at lower cost, so as to make them suitable for higher-power and more demanding applications such as electric vehicles. The research and development of new electrode materials, particularly for cathodes, having an improved electrochemical performance has always been a matter of changing focus. Thus, olivine, lithium iron phosphate, has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a safe, environmentally friendly, extremely stable and very promising cathode material.

Electrostatic stresses are a fascinating field where materials science, continuum mechanics and electrical engineering all come together. This is one of the reasons why the study of these so-called Maxwell stresses is so interesting.

The recent utilization of nano-sized powders and porous materials has led to the expectation that it will lead to basic breakthrough solutions for prospective nanomaterial products offering high performance and multi-functionalism. For this reason, many industrial countries have financially supported nanostructured materials development and their use in technical innovation.

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This treatment of “Time-Dependent Mechanical Properties of Solids” begins with a phenomenological description of the transport of some unspecified entity. It is assumed that the transport is caused by mechanical stresses or temperature fields. This hypothesis is based upon just a few well-established methods such as, for instance, the Zener theory of diffusion and the Inglis equation  for stress enhancementof. Using these assumptions, it is possible to deduce formulae for a theoretically based description of several phenomena without referring to any specific process or entity.

The main goal of these proceedings was to demonstrate the use of a variety of multi-scale approaches, ranging from the atomistic to the macroscopic level, and in this it succeeds admirably.

During the past decade, digital manufacturing science and technology have experienced very rapid development. These have not only provided industry with new methods, new tools and new digitalized products - which have transformed everything from design, materials processing to operational and management procedures - but are also changing the intercommunications, modes of thought and working environments of everybody in the manufacturing field. Digital manufacturing has brought remarkable and fundamental improvements to manufacturing industry and related research.

Biomedical engineering involves the application of the principles and techniques of engineering to the enhancement of medical science as applied to humans or animals. It involves an interdisciplinary approach which combines the materials, mechanics, design, modelling and problem-solving skills employed in engineering with medical and biological sciences so as to improve the health, lifestyle and quality-of-life of individuals.  Biomedical engineering is a relatively new field, and involves a whole spectrum of disciplines covering: bioinformatics, medical imaging, image processing, physiological signal processing, biomechanics, biomaterials and bioengineering, systems analysis, 3-D modelling, etc. Combining these disciplines, systematically and synergistically yields total benefits which are much greater than the sum of the individual components. Prime examples of the successful application of biomedical engineering include the development and manufacture of biocompatible prostheses, medical devices, diagnostic devices and imaging equipment and pharmaceutical drugs.